Bond Calculator

Calculate bond prices, yields, and returns for government and corporate bonds

The Bond Calculator helps you analyze bond investments by calculating current price, yield to maturity, current yield, and total returns. Perfect for evaluating government bonds, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds.

Bond Details

Tax Considerations (Optional)

Bond Examples

Bond Analysis Results

Enter bond details to see analysis

How Bonds Work

Bond Basics

Face Value: The amount the bond will pay at maturity (usually $1,000).
Coupon Rate: The annual interest rate paid on the face value.
Maturity Date: When the bond expires and principal is repaid.
Yield to Maturity: The total return if held until maturity.
Current Yield: Annual coupon payment divided by current price.

Bond Pricing

Premium: Bond trades above face value when coupon rate > market yield
Discount: Bond trades below face value when coupon rate < market yield
Par: Bond trades at face value when coupon rate = market yield
Interest Rate Risk: Bond prices move inversely to interest rates
Credit Risk: Risk that issuer may default on payments

Types of Bonds

Government Bonds

Treasury Bills: Short-term (≤1 year), sold at discount

Treasury Notes: Medium-term (2-10 years), pay semi-annual interest

Treasury Bonds: Long-term (10-30 years), highest interest payments

TIPS: Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities

Corporate Bonds

Investment Grade: High credit quality (BBB- or higher)

High Yield: Lower credit quality, higher returns

Convertible: Can be converted to company stock

Callable: Issuer can redeem before maturity

Municipal Bonds

General Obligation: Backed by taxing power of issuer

Revenue Bonds: Backed by specific revenue source

Tax Benefits: Often exempt from federal/state taxes

AMT Bonds: Subject to Alternative Minimum Tax

Example: 10-Year Treasury Bond

Calculate the price of a 10-year Treasury bond

Bond Details

Face Value:$1,000
Coupon Rate:4.5%
Years to Maturity:10 years
Market Yield:5.0%
Payment:Semi-annual

Calculation Results

Semi-annual Coupon:$22.50
Discount Rate:2.5% per period
Present Value of Coupons:$389.73
Present Value of Principal:$613.91
Bond Price:$961.39

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do bond prices move inversely to interest rates?

When interest rates rise, new bonds offer higher yields, making existing bonds with lower rates less attractive. Investors will only buy existing bonds at a discount to compensate for the lower yield. Conversely, when rates fall, existing bonds with higher rates become more valuable and trade at a premium.

What's the difference between current yield and yield to maturity?

Current yield is simply the annual coupon payment divided by the current price. Yield to maturity considers the total return including capital gains or losses if held to maturity. YTM is more comprehensive as it accounts for the time value of money and the bond's purchase price relative to its face value.

Are bonds safer than stocks?

Generally yes, especially government bonds. Bonds provide more predictable income and have priority over stocks in bankruptcy. However, bonds still carry risks including interest rate risk, credit risk, and inflation risk. High-yield corporate bonds can be riskier than some dividend-paying stocks.